What Is a Wireless LAN?

In today's interconnected world, the demand for seamless and flexible network connectivity has led to the widespread adoption of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Gone are the days of being bound by physical cables; WLANs have revolutionized the way we connect and communicate within our homes, offices, and public spaces. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating realm of wireless LANs, exploring their concepts, working principles, benefits, and architecture.

What Is Wireless LAN?

A WLAN, also known as Wireless Local Area Network, is a wireless network that allows multiple devices to connect wirelessly and create a local area network within a limited range. Instead of relying on wired connections, WLAN utilizes high-frequency radio waves and often includes an access point for internet connectivity. WLANs provide the flexibility for individuals to work and move within the network's coverage area, such as schools, homes, campuses, or office buildings. By establishing a gateway, WLANs can also connect to the internet. One of the most popular WLAN brands is Wifi, which follows the IEEE 802.11 specifications.

The advent of WLAN and wifi has brought significant changes and ushered in a new era of internet connectivity. People not only connect with each other online, but they also enjoy the convenience it offers. For those who have never experienced wired internet, adapting to it can be extremely challenging. Even individuals accustomed to working in fixed locations would find it unimaginable to return to an environment without wireless internet connections.

How Does Wireless Local Area Network Work?

WLANs utilize various transmission methods such as radio, infrared, and microwave to provide internet access, enabling data transmission between locations without the need for cables or direct computer connections. The key components of a wireless LAN are nodes and access points. Nodes, which can be computers or peripheral devices like printers, have network adapters and antennas for WLAN connectivity. Access points act as transmitters and receivers, facilitating communication between nodes or between nodes and other networks. WLAN data transmission employs different technologies, including the following:

• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS): FHSS utilizes a narrowband carrier that changes frequency according to a predetermined pattern known to both the transmitter and receiver. When properly synchronized, this maintains a single logical channel, appearing as short-duration impulse noise to unintended receivers.

• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS): DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern, called a chip or chipping code, for each transmitted bit. Longer chips increase the chances of recovering the original data (at the expense of greater bandwidth). Even if some bits are corrupted during transmission, statistical techniques can recover the data without retransmission. Narrowband receivers often disregard DSSS as it appears as low-power wideband noise to unintended receivers.

• Infrared Technology: Infrared (IR) systems operate at frequencies just below visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum for data transmission. Like visible light, IR cannot pass through opaque objects and requires either line-of-sight or diffuse propagation. Directed IR systems have a limited range (around 3 feet) and are cost-effective but infrequently used in specific WLAN applications. High-performance directed IR is impractical for mobile users and primarily implemented in fixed subnetworks. Diffuse or reflective IR WLAN systems do not require direct line-of-sight but are typically confined to individual rooms or cells.

What Is WLAN Architecture?

• Stations: Stations refer to wireless components that establish connections with networks. These stations can be either access points or endpoints, and each is assigned a distinctive network address.

• Basic Service Set (BSS): A Basic Service Set (BSS) is a cluster of stations that links to the network. In ad hoc networks, this cluster of stations is referred to as an Independent BSS (IBSS). When multiple access points are present in a network, forming a connected set of BSSs, it is known as an Extended Service Set (ESS).

• Distribution system: The distribution system serves to establish connections between access points within an Extended Service Set (ESS). These connections can be established either through wired or wireless means. In the case of a wireless distribution system (WDS), it can utilize mesh networking or its own dedicated WDS protocol. Fixed wireless, on the other hand, is a specialized method of radio transmission used to connect geographically distant access points.

• Access point: The access point functions as a central station, serving as a hub for other stations to connect to. The term "access" refers to the stations' ability to connect to the network, and it can also encompass internet access, as many routers serve as both access points and internet modems. In an Extended Service Set (ESS), access points can be interconnected either through Ethernet cables or wirelessly.

• Bridge: The bridge is used to connect a Wireless LAN to a LAN or to an access point.

• Endpoint: The endpoint refers to any station used by end-users, including computers, mobile devices, printers, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

The Benefits of Wireless LAN

WLAN offers numerous advantages and benefits to internet users. Here are some of the advantages associated with WLAN:

• Enhanced coverage: WLANs provide the flexibility for computing activities to take place anywhere, even when dealing with large data volumes and advanced web applications.

• Cost-effective: Another benefit of utilizing WLAN is its cost-effectiveness. The installation of cables can rapidly escalate in expenses, especially when accommodating a considerable number of users and considering ongoing maintenance costs.

• Versatile device compatibility: A wireless LAN supports a diverse array of devices, including computers, smartphones, tablets, gaming systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

• Reduced burden for IT and maintenance personnel: WLANs simplify the tasks of IT maintenance and support teams by eliminating the constant need to individually inspect for broken connections. Additionally, WLANs offer easier installation processes and minimize the involvement of cables and wires during setup.

Conclusion

Wireless LANs have become an indispensable part of our connected world. They have revolutionized the way we access the internet, communicate, and utilize digital services. With their extended reach, cost-effectiveness, and device flexibility, WLANs have empowered individuals and organizations to embrace the benefits of wireless connectivity. As technology continues to advance, we can expect Wireless LANs to evolve further, ushering in a new era of seamless wireless communication and connectivity.