QSFP28 PAM4: A Solution for Extending 100G/400G Signals

In response to the growing demands for higher data rates and increased bandwidth driven by cloud services, AI applications, and the advent of 5G technology, QSFP28 PAM4 emerged as a solution. Nowadays, as the core network has transitioned to 100G data rates and is now pushing for 400G, data centers are in search of transceiver solutions offering higher port densities and reduced cost per bit, including QSFP28 100G. Recognizing the need for enhanced data capacity and energy efficiency, PAM4 QSFP28 DWDM was introduced in 2016, capable of supporting 80km transmission for 100G/400G metro networks.This post aims to explore the features and performance of 100G QSFP28 PAM4 and its role as a solution for 100G/400G applications.

What Is QSFP28 PAM4 Signaling Technology?

PAM4, also known as Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4-level, is a leading-edge optical transmission technology that follows non-return-to-zero (NRZ). QSFP28 PAM4 marks a significant advancement by encoding two bits of data with four distinct signal levels. This advancement effectively doubles the signal bandwidth, with each signal level representing 2 bits of logic information. Additionally, playing a critical role in multi-order modulation, PAM4 minimizes optical signal degradation while doubling the data rate. This dual functionality positions it as the most efficient and cost-effective solution for enabling 100G and 400G transmission. For a more detailed explanation, please refer to the accompanying figure illustrating how PAM4 achieves a doubled data rate with its four signal levels compared to NRZ.

Figure 1: Comparison of Waveforms between NRZ and PAM4 Signals

Applications of QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM in Diverse Networks

Urban and Campus Networks

DWDM QSFP28 PAM4 technology offers some seriously impressive solutions for high-speed connectivity in urban and campus networks. By tapping into the power of DWDM functionality, these transceivers seamlessly fit into existing fiber setups, cutting out the need for extra conversion gear. This not only saves on deployment costs but also streamlines network management. Whether it's linking up with data centers smack dab in the middle of city cores or connecting to backbone networks across sprawling campus areas, these transceivers ensure smooth, reliable connections for a variety of uses.

Enterprise Connectivity

Enterprises are getting wise to the benefits of DWDM QSFP28 PAM4 technology for upgrading their network infrastructure and supporting emerging applications like IoT and virtual reality. These transceivers offer a cost-effective, efficient solution for boosting network capacity and performance. Within enterprise setups, they effortlessly link up with various network devices—servers, storage systems, switches—and ensure fast, stable data transmission. By tapping into the power of DWDM functionality, businesses can establish high-capacity, reliable network connections, effectively tackling the ever-growing data demands of today's business landscape.

Data Center Interconnectivity

In the world of data center connections, DWDM QSFP28 PAM4 transceivers are absolutely crucial. These cutting-edge transceivers excel at providing lightning-fast connectivity between data centers over long distances. They leverage their impressive data capacity and energy efficiency to seamlessly extend 100G and 400G signals across single-mode fiber. And with DWDM technology integrated into the mix, these transceivers can transmit data at different wavelengths over a single fiber, boosting their versatility and making high-speed, long-distance data center connections a breeze.

5G Mobile Access Architecture

With the rapid rise of 5G networks, the demand for speedy, low-latency connections is through the roof. Enter DWDM QSFP28 PAM4 transceivers, essential components in 5G mobile access setups. They make it happen by providing high-bandwidth links between base stations and core networks. Seamlessly integrating with 5G base stations, these transceivers enable lightning-fast data transmission to support a wide range of 5G applications, from smartphones to IoT devices to smart city projects. Their advanced tech is key in meeting the demanding connectivity needs of 5G networks.

Figure 2: PAM4 Applications in Data Centers and 5G Architecture

Benefits of QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM as A Solution for 100G/400G

As an exceptionally capable solution for extending 100G/400G signals, QSFP28 PAM4 has emerged as a favored choice among network operators. Here's why integrating QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM into 100G/400G applications is advantageous:

Enhanced Data Capacity

QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM boasts impressive data capacity, delivering up to 4.8Tb/s over single-mode fiber (SMF) while minimizing signal degradation. It's well-suited for extending 100G/400G connections between data centers with point-to-point links, covering distances of up to 80km.

Reduced Power Consumption

The QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM is engineered to deliver lower power consumption, making it exceptionally suited for high-efficiency, energy-saving high-speed remote data center interconnects (DCI) and dense connectivity. Additionally, it reduces the number of lasers required and eliminates the need for optical multiplexing, effectively cutting down on transmission costs while meeting the ever-growing demand for bandwidth.

Seamless Integration with Embedded DWDM

QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM transceivers are seamlessly compatible with embedded DWDM technology, allowing direct insertion into data center routers or switches without the need for a separate DWDM converter platform. This integration significantly reduces costs and simplifies deployment and maintenance. Additionally, when paired with appropriate dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) and amplification systems, QSFP28 PAM4 modules seamlessly integrate into existing DWDM networks for hybrid transmission.

Conclusion

In conclusion, QSFP28 PAM4 technology offers a game-changing solution for extending 100G/400G signals. Its enhanced data capacity, reduced power consumption, and seamless integration with embedded DWDM technology make it ideal for various network applications. By adopting QSFP28 PAM4 DWDM, operators can meet growing connectivity demands efficiently and cost-effectively. This technology stands at the forefront of high-speed data transmission, shaping the future of network connectivity.