Optimize Your Selection: A Guide to Choosing the Right Optical Splitter

Embarking on the journey to select the ideal optical splitter can be confusing amidst the myriad of options available. However, this passage will help you navigate through the complexities and provide you with great insights to streamline your selection process.

What's the Optical Splitter?

Optical splitters are essential devices used in communication networks to divide optical signals into multiple paths, playing a crucial role in efficiently distributing information to multiple recipients. This enables simultaneous transmission without compromising signal quality or speed. At its core, a fiber optic splitter is a passive component designed to split or divide an incoming optical signal into two or more output paths, which can be connected to different subscribers, devices, or network segments. By utilizing splitters, network administrators can optimize the utilization of fiber optic cables, eliminating the need for separate dedicated cables for each recipient.

How to Choose the Right Optical Splitter?

To select the appropriate optical splitter, you should consider factors such as types, single-mode or multimode, split ratio and packaging.

Types

There are different types of fiber optic splitters available, with two of the most common being Fused Biconical Tapered (FBT) splitters and Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) splitters. A more detailed comparison between FBT and PLC splitters can be found in the FBT Splitter vs. PLC Splitter: What Are the Differences?

FBT Splitter: FBT splitters are crafted from readily available materials like fiber and steel, ensuring cost-effectiveness. Supporting three wavelengths (850/1310/1550 nm), they are affordable but lack versatility, unable to operate at other wavelengths. These units are sensitive to temperature variations, prone to malfunction outside their designated range. Moreover, their inability to manage signals evenly hampers their performance. Compared to PLC alternatives, FBT splitters offer limited functionality and reliability.

PLC Splitter: PLC splitters, featuring a more sophisticated construction, surpass the limitations of FBT products. Utilizing semiconductor-like technology, they offer enhanced functionality despite higher manufacturing costs. Thanks to lithographic etching, PLC units boast compact designs and operate across a broader temperature range compared to FBT counterparts. With superior split ratios, PLC splitters ensure equal signal distribution, catering to diverse wavelength requirements. Their versatility allows adjustment across various wavelengths, offering optimal performance in a wide range of applications.

Figure1: PLC Splitter

Single-mode or Multimode

Single-mode optical splitters are optimized for single-mode optical fiber, while multimode optical splitters are tailored for use with multimode optical fiber. Single-mode fiber features a single mode of light in the fiber core, offering tight tolerances and efficient power transfer from the laser light source. This makes it ideal for long-distance data transfer, with higher bandwidth capabilities.

Conversely, multimode fiber allows multiple modes of light to pass through, accommodating lower-cost light sources like LEDs. With a larger core diameter and more lenient tolerances, multimode fiber is commonly used in short-distance, premise-based applications. Regardless of the fiber type, splitters serve the same purpose. Just ensure you order the appropriate type (single-mode or multimode) based on your fiber infrastructure.

Split Ratio

Optical splitters are distinguished by their split ratios, which denote the distribution of power across the outputs of a fiber optic splitter. While the most prevalent ratio is a symmetrical, or equal split, where 50% of the power is allocated to each output, there are numerous asymmetrical split ratios available, offering varying power distributions to each output.

Furthermore, a variety of common splitter input/output configurations exist, catering to diverse network requirements. Among these configurations, some of the most frequently encountered include: 1x1, 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, 1x32, 1x64, 2x1, 2x2.

Each configuration offers unique advantages and is tailored to suit specific network architectures and operational requirements, providing flexibility and scalability in fiber optic network deployments.

Packaging

Bare Fiber Optical Splitter: This type lacks connectors at the bare fiber ends, requiring complete protection during transport and use. Its compact size allows easy placement in splice boxes, minimizing space usage and installation costs. Commonly used in FTTH, PON, LAN, CATV, and testing applications.

Blockless Optical Splitter: Similar in appearance to bare fiber splitters, but with a more compact stainless steel tube package for stronger fiber protection. Does not require fusion during installation, ideal for connections above distribution boxes or network cabinets.

ABS Module Optical Splitter: Featuring a plastic ABS case for good internal component and cable protection. Simple and compact design adaptable to various installation environments. Widely used in outdoor fiber distribution boxes for PON, FTTH, FTTX, and GOPN networks.

LGX and FHD Cassette Optical Splitter: Equipped with a rugged metal box, suitable for standalone use or installation in standard fiber optic patch panels or chassis. Offers a plug-and-play integration approach, eliminating installation risks.

Rack-Mount Splitter: Available in 1U and 2U sizes, with 1U being more common. Adheres to the 19-inch rack unit standard, providing excellent optical performance and easy network installation. Widely used in EPON, GPON, FTTX, FTTH, and high-density cabling environments.

Figure2: FS PLC Splitters

Conclusion

Understand the fundamentals of fiber optic splitters and explore factors such as types, single-mode or multimode compatibility, split ratios, and packaging options. By navigating through these considerations, you can streamline your selection process and ensure optimal performance in your communication network deployments.